Nui nā noiʻi a me nā ʻenehana hana o nā peptides ikaika

Ke ano o ka unuhi

I nā makahiki 1950 a me 1960, nui nā ʻāina o ka honua, me Kina, i lawe nui i nā peptides mai nā kino holoholona.No ka laʻana, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ʻo thymosin injection ma ka pepehi ʻana i kahi bipi hānau hou, wehe i kāna thymus, a laila hoʻohana i ka biotechnology oscillating separation e hoʻokaʻawale i nā peptides mai ka thymus bipi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia thymosin e hoʻoponopono a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana immune cell i loko o ke kanaka.

Hoʻolaha nui ʻia nā peptides bioactive kūlohelohe.Nui nā peptides bioactive i loko o nā holoholona, ​​nā mea kanu a me nā meaola moana i ke ʻano, e pāʻani ana i nā ʻano hana physiological a mālama i nā hana ola maʻamau.Aia kēia mau peptides bioactive kūlohelohe i nā metabolites lua o nā mea ola e like me nā antibiotics a me nā hormones, a me nā peptides bioactive i loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana kiko.

I kēia manawa, nui nā peptides bioactive i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kanaka, holoholona, ​​mea kanu, microbial a me nā mea ola moana.Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia nā peptides bioactive i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i loko o nā mea ola, a ʻo nā ʻenehana i kēia manawa no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā peptides bioactive mai nā meaola kūlohelohe ʻaʻole kūpono, me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka bioactivity haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau no ka peptide extraction a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ʻo ia ka salting out, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, isoelectric point precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, adsorption chromatography, gel electrophoresis, etc. ʻO kona hemahema nui ka paʻakikī o ka hana a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

ʻAkika-kaʻina kumu

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka acid a me ka alkali hydrolysis i nā keʻena hoʻokolohua, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana hana.I ke kaʻina hana o ka hydrolysis alkaline o nā protein, ua luku ʻia ka hapa nui o nā waikawa amino e like me serine a me threonine, hiki mai ka racemization, a nalowale ka nui o nā meaʻai.No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka hana.ʻAʻole hiki i ka acid hydrolysis o nā protein ke kumu o ka racemization o nā waikawa amino, wikiwiki ka hydrolysis a ua pau ka hopena.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kona mau hemahema ka ʻenehana paʻakikī, ka hoʻomalu paʻakikī a me ka pollution koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni.ʻAʻole kūlike a paʻa ʻole ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka paona molecular o nā peptides, a paʻakikī kā lākou hana physiological e hoʻoholo.

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā peptides bioactive i nā kaulahao lōʻihi o nā protein i kahi kūlana hana ʻole.Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e kahi protease kikoʻī, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kā lākou peptide ikaika mai ke kaʻina amino o ka protein.ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o ka enzymatic o nā peptides bioactive mai nā holoholona, ​​​​nā mea kanu a me nā meaola moana he mea noiʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.

ʻO Enzymatic hydrolysis o nā peptides bioactive ke koho ʻana i nā protease kūpono, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā protein e like me nā substrates a me nā protein hydrolyzing e loaʻa ai ka nui o nā peptides bioactive me nā hana physiological like ʻole.I ke kaʻina hana, pili pono ka mahana, ka waiwai PH, ka enzyme concentration, substrate concentration a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka hopena hydrolysis enzymatic o nā peptides liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ke kī ke koho o ka enzyme.Ma muli o nā ʻano enzyme ʻokoʻa i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hydrolysis enzymatic, ke koho ʻana a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā enzymes, a me nā kumu protein ʻē aʻe, ʻokoʻa ka hopena o nā peptides i ka nuipaʻa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala, a me ka hui ʻana o ka waikawa amino.E koho maʻamau kekahi i nā protease holoholona, ​​​​e like me ka pepsin a me ka trypsin, a me nā mea kanu proteases, e like me ka bromelain a me ka papain.Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana enzyme biological, e ʻike ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia nā enzyme.Ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Enzymatic hydrolysis i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā peptides bioactive ma muli o kāna ʻenehana makua a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.