Nui nā ʻano o nā peptides transmembrane, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika, nā kumu, nā hana ingestion, a me nā noi biomedical.E like me kā lākou mau waiwai kino a me nā kemika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā peptides e komo i ka membrane i ʻekolu mau ʻano: cationic, amphiphilic a me hydrophobic.ʻO ka cationic a me ka amphiphilic membrane penetrating peptides he 85%, aʻo ka hydrophobic membrane penetrating peptides he 15% wale nō.
1. Cationic membrane komo peptide
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā peptides transmembrane Cationic i nā peptides pōkole i waiwai i ka arginine, lysine, a me histidine, e like me TAT, Penetratin, Polyarginine, P22N, DPV3 a me DPV6.Ma waena o lākou, aia ka arginine i ka guanidine, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hydrogen me nā pūʻulu waikawa phosphoric i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia ma ka membrane cell a hoʻopili i nā peptides transmembrane i loko o ka membrane ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka waiwai PH physiological.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina o ka oligarginine (mai ka 3 R a i ka 12 R) i ka hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hiki ke komo i ka membrane i ka wā i haʻahaʻa ai ka nui o ka arginine e like me 8, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hiki ke komo ʻana me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka arginine.ʻO Lysine, ʻoiai ka cationic e like me arginine, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka guanidine, no laila ke noho wale ʻo ia, ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa ka pono o kona komo ʻana i ka membrane.ʻO Futaki et al.(2001) 'ike 'ia e hiki ke ho'okō 'ia ka hopena komo membrane maika'i wale nō ke loa'a i ka peptide ho'opa'a i ka cationic cell membrane penetrating peptide ma ka li'ili'i loa he 8 mau waikawa amino maika'i.ʻOiai he mea nui nā koena amino acid i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia no nā peptides penetrative e komo i loko o ka membrane, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā waikawa amino ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o W14 i F, nalowale ka hiki o Penetratin.
ʻO kahi papa kūikawā o ka cationic transmembrane peptides he nuklear localization sequences (NLSs), kahi o nā peptides pōkole i waiwai i ka arginine, lysine a me proline a hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka nucleus ma o ka nuclear pore complex.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia nā NLS i ka paʻi ʻana hoʻokahi a me ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi o hoʻokahi a me ʻelua pūʻulu o nā waikawa amino kumu, kēlā me kēia.No ka laʻana, ʻo PKKKRKV mai simian virus 40(SV40) he NLS paʻi hoʻokahi, aʻo ka protein nuklea he NLS paʻi pālua.ʻO KRPAATKKAGQAKKKL ke kaʻina pōkole e hiki ke pāʻani i kahi hana i ka transmembrane membrane.Ma muli o ka nui o nā NLS i nā helu helu ma lalo o 8, ʻaʻole nā NLS i nā peptides transmembrane kūpono, akā hiki iā lākou ke lilo i peptides transmembrane maikaʻi ke hoʻopili covalently i nā kaʻina peptide hydrophobic e hana i nā peptides transmembrane amphiphilic.
2. Amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
ʻO nā peptides transmembrane Amphiphilic he hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic domains, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā amphiphilic primer, second α-helical amphiphilic, β-folding amphiphilic a me prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
ʻO ke ʻano nui amphiphilic ʻano peptides membrane i ʻelua ʻāpana, ʻano me NLSs covalently i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hydrophobic peptide sequence, e like me MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKKRKV) a me Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), ua hoʻokumu ʻia lāua ʻelua ma ka hōʻailona localization nuklea PK40RKV, i ka SVKKRKV. pili ka domain o MPG i ke kaʻina fusion o HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), a pili ka hydrophobic domain o Pep-1 i ka puʻupuʻu waiwai tryptophan me ka pilina membrane kiʻekiʻe (KETWWET WWTEW).Eia nō naʻe, pili nā kāʻei hydrophobic o ʻelua me ka hōʻailona localization nuklea PKKKRKV ma o WSQP.ʻO kekahi papa o nā peptides amphiphilic transmembrane mua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā protein kūlohelohe, e like me pVEC, ARF(1-22) a me BPrPr(1-28).
Hoʻopaʻa nā peptides α-helical amphiphilic transmembrane kiʻekiʻe i ka membrane ma o α-helice, a aia ko lākou hydrophilic a me ka hydrophobic amino acid koena ma nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole o ka hana helical, e like me MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).No ka beta peptide folding type amphiphilic wear membrane, kona hiki ke hana i ka beta pleated sheet he mea koʻikoʻi ia i kona hiki ke komo o ka membrane, e like me VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) i ke kaʻina noiʻi i ka hiki ke komo o ka membrane, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano D. - ʻAʻole hiki i nā analogues mutation amino acid ke hana i kahi ʻāpana i kāwili ʻia i ka beta, maikaʻi loa ka hiki ke komo i ka membrane.Ma ka proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides, polyproline II (PPII) ua hana maʻalahi i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe ke hoʻonui nui ʻia ka proline i ka hoʻolālā polypeptide.ʻO ka PPII he helix lima hema me 3.0 koena amino acid i kēlā me kēia huli, e kū'ē i ka hana alpha-helix maʻamau me ka 3.6 koena amino acid i kēlā me kēia huli.ʻO nā peptides amphiphilic transmembrane i hoʻohui ʻia me ka bovine antimicrobial peptide 7 (Bac7), polypeptide synthetic (PPR) n (n hiki ke 3, 4, 5 a me 6), etc.
3. Hydrophobic membrane komo peptide
ʻO nā peptides hydrophobic transmembrane wale nō nā koena amino acid non-polar, me ka uku ʻupena ma lalo o 20% o ka nui o ka uku o ke kaʻina amino acid, a i ʻole nā moieties hydrophobic a i ʻole nā hui kemika e pono ai no ka transmembrane.ʻOiai e nānā pinepine ʻia kēia mau peptides transmembrane cellular, aia nō lākou, e like me ka fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF) a me ka fibroblast growth factor 12(F-GF12) mai ka sarcoma o Kaposi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-19-2023